Bio Technology

Shaping the future with sustainable energy innovations.

Clean Energy Technology

CBG Production Technology

Comprehensive overview of Compressed Bio Gas production, purification, and bottling technologies for sustainable energy solutions.

What is CBG?

CBG or Compressed Bio Gas consists of mainly methane (more than 90%) and other gases like carbon dioxide (less than 4%). CBG is produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass and waste sources like agricultural residue, cattle dung, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid waste, sewage treatment plant waste, etc.

1

Hydrolysis

Decomposes organic molecules into glucose, amino acids and fatty acids

2

Acidogenesis

Converts organic molecules to volatile organic acids with bacteria

3

Acetogenesis

Bacteria digests volatile organic acids and releases acetic acid

4

Methanogenesis

Converts acetic acid to methane gas and other many gases

Anaerobic Digestion Technologies

Technology Overview

An Anaerobic Digester optimizes the anaerobic digestion of biomass to produce biogas for energy production. These systems can be made of concrete, steel, brick, or plastic, and come in various configurations including batch type digesters and continuous digesters.

CSTR Digester

Continuously stirred tank reactor with constant material feed

CSTR System Components
Floating roof • Gas-storage space • Central column
Long-shaft stirrer • Heating pipes • Insulation
Advantages
Efficient digestion process
Handles different dry matter content levels
Can digest energy crops effectively
Excellent mixing capabilities
Superior solids degradation
Disadvantages
Complex digestion process
High initial capital investment
Requires skilled technical workers

Mixed Plug Flow Reactors

Horizontal design with progressive vertical mixing using gas injections

Flow Process
Feed → Axial Mixing → Biogas ↑ → Effluent
Advantages
Cost-effective solution
Easy hydraulic flushing adaptation
Simple construction and management
Disadvantages
Difficult hard top maintenance
Weather-sensitive membrane top

Batch-type Digesters

Simple load, digest, and remove cycle operation

Flow Process
Load Feedstock → Seal Digester → Anaerobic Digestion (Retention) → Open & Remove Digestate
Advantages
Suitable for uncertain raw material availability
Disadvantages
Uneven gas production patterns
Multiple digesters needed for continuous supply
Higher space requirements

Covered Lagoon

Lined pit with flexible plastic cover for biogas capture

Lagoon System
Digester Influent → Cover → Biogas Storage → Effluent
Advantages
Simple construction and management
Easy hydraulic flushing adaptation
Low cost implementation
Disadvantages
Poor mixing efficiency
Lower energy yield
Cover maintenance affects system lifespan

Biogas Purification Technologies

To improve calorific value and energy content, methane concentration must be increased while removing CO₂ & H₂S. Various advanced technologies are employed for efficient purification processes.

Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

Carbon dioxide separation through adsorption under elevated pressure using activated carbon or zeolites. Widely used in India for large bio-gas systems.

Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA)

Non-cryogenic separation using molecular sieves that preferentially adsorb target gases at ambient pressure, then regenerate under vacuum.

Water Scrubbing

Utilizes CO₂'s higher water solubility compared to methane. CO₂ dissolves in water while methane concentration increases in gas phase.

Membrane Separation

Dry membranes permeable to CO₂, water and ammonia while blocking nitrogen and methane. Usually hollow fiber bundles.

Chemical Scrubbing (MEA)

CO₂ absorption and chemical reaction with monoethylamine for highly selective separation with strong chemical affinity.

Advanced Technologies

Additional methods include Cryogenic upgrading, Biological fixation, Iron chloride dosing, and Activated carbon processes.

Compressed Biogas (CBG) Bottling

Advanced bottling systems for compressing purified biogas up to 250 bar and filling into cascade storage systems.

Industrial CBG Bottling Unit
High-pressure compression and filling system
Cascade Storage System
High-pressure cylindrical vessel arrangement

Technology Providers & Validation

Institutes for technology evaluation and validation of DPR on CBG

Technology Providers

Access comprehensive contact details of CBG equipment manufacturers and suppliers